Henryk III Walezy
(ur. 19 września 1551 w Fontainebleau, zm. 2 sierpnia 1589 w Saint-Cloud)
- ostatni z francuskiej dynastii Walezjuszów, jednej z gałęzi Kapetyngów. Książę Orleanu, a w latach 1573-1574 król Polski jako Henryk zwany Walezym. Od 1574 król Francji jako Henryk III.

Pochodzenie



Herb rodowy

Henryk Walezy był czwartym synem Henryka II, króla Francji i Katarzyny Medycejskiej. Na chrzcie otrzymał on imiona Aleksander Edward. Imię Henryk nadano mu dopiero na bierzmowaniu w roku 1565. Jego brat, Karol IX, był królem francuskim. Matka za wszelką cenę chciała osadzić wszystkich swych synów na tronie i gdy nie powiodły się inne plany wobec Henryka, zdecydowała się starać o egzotyczny dla Francuzów tron polski. Rozdzierające Francję walki katolików z hugenotami (francuskimi protestantami), czyli tzw. III wojna z hugenotami, umożliwiły Henrykowi pokazanie swych wojskowych umiejętności. Dzięki jego osobistej odwadze i przytomności umysłu pokonano w 1569 roku oddziały hugenotów pod Jarnac.

Przez pewien czas Henryk sprawował urząd generalnego namiestnika królestwa. Tak więc już w młodzieńczych latach dał się on poznać zarówno jako dobry polityk jak i sumienny urzędnik.


Droga do polskiego tronu

Wybory nowego władcy polskiego po okresie bezkrólewia odbyły się w kwietniu i maju 1573 r. na prawym brzegu Wisły, naprzeciw Warszawy, pod wsią Kamień, która obecnie stanowi część stolicy. Najpoważniejszymi kandydatami do korony obok brata króla francuskiego byli: syn cesarza Maksymiliana II arcyksiążę Ernest Habsburg, car Iwan IV Groźny i Jan III Waza, król szwedzki, mąż Katarzyny Jagiellonki, siostry Zygmunta Augusta. Pod Warszawą stawiło się ok. 50 tysięcy osób, które uczestniczyły w głosowaniu. Najpierw odbyła się prezentacja kandydatów, której dokonali zagraniczni posłowie. Następnie zaczęto spisywać, lecz już w węższym gronie wybranych komisji „artykuły dla króla”. Miały to być uprawnienia i zobowiązania panującego. Po ich zatwierdzeniu, 5 kwietnia 1573 r. odbyło się głosowanie nad pretendentami do tronu. Zwycięzcą okazał się kandydat francuski, przedstawiony przez posła Jana de Monluc. Kilka dni po elekcji posłowie przyszłego monarchy zaprzysięgli w jego imieniu uchwalone przed wyborem postanowienia ogólne. Były to tak zwane artykuły henrykowskie. Przyjęto również osobiste zobowiązania elekta, noszące nazwę pacta conventa. Wybrano też poselstwo, które miało udać się do Paryża, aby oficjalnie zawiadomić księcia francuskiego o wyborze na króla Rzeczypospolitej Polski i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, odebrać od niego przysięgę, potwierdzającą przyjęcie uchwał elekcyjnych (artykułów i paktów), oraz możliwie szybko sprowadzić go do Rzeczypospolitej. Poselstwo wysłano okazałe i godne. Pertraktacje z Henrykiem i jego bratem, królem Francji Karolem IX, trwały dość długo. Opór budziły przede wszystkim artykuły dotyczące swobody wyznaniowej i możliwości wypowiedzenia posłuszeństwa królowi. Ostatecznie obaj władcy uznali i zaprzysięgli 22 sierpnia 1573 r. dawne i nowe prawa. Po tym fakcie poselstwo doręczyło Henrykowi dokument elekcyjny. Henryk Walezy został ogłoszony królem polskim i wielkim księciem litewskim.


Nihil novi



Potęga Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu. Zlota wolność. Elekcja., Jan Matejko

Do granic Polski dotarł po dwumiesięcznej podróży w końcu stycznia 1574 r. Orszak królewski, liczący 1200 koni, wozy z bagażami oraz karety z damami dworu i niewiastami lekkich obyczajów, ciągnął przez Heidelberg, Fuldę, Torgau, Frankfurt. Na Łużycach oczekiwał go książę piastowski Jerzy II Brzeski, który towarzyszył królowi aż do polskiej granicy. Granicę przekroczono w Międzyrzeczu, gdzie monarchę uroczyście powitała delegacja senatu z biskupem kujawskim, wojewodowie i kasztelanowie. Później przez Poznań i Częstochowę udano się w kierunku Krakowa, gdzie nastąpiło oficjalne powitanie.

Developers and Publishers


Katalog D M O Z : Games : Board Games : Developers and Publishers
93 pages found in Developers and Publishers:

Acorn Games
Features descriptions and pictures of the games available through their company.
http://dragonsanddanes.tripod.com

Amherst Lodge Board Games
Board games direct from leading international inventor William Maclean. Free trial versions of games, plus a collection of free games and puzzles.
http://www.amherstlodge.com/games/games.htm

Artmundi Design Studios
Custom designed backgammon and board games.
http://www.artmundi.com/boardgames/games.htm

Avalon Hill
A division of Wizards of the Coast. Makers of strategy board games, since 1958.
http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=ah/welcome

BoardGameDesign.com
Features contact information for a company specializing in designing board games and prototypes. Also includes ordering information for game parts.
http://www.boardgamedesign.com/

Brain Savvy Game Company
Features descriptions of multiple editions of Brain Savvy, and includes details about where to buy the game.
http://www.brainsavvy.com/

Breakscore
Introduction to Breakscore, including endorsements and reviews. Also presents resources like terms, tips, and variations.
http://www.breakscore.com

Bruno Faidutti
Features a forum and an about the author page. Also includes boardgame reviews. [French and English]
http://www.faidutti.com/

Carrom Company
Official website. Current product catalog, and company information.
http://www.carrom.com/

Championship Rodeo Game Company
Manufacturers of the family board game featured in the movie Thunder in Paradise II.
http://www.rodeogame.com/

Chatham Hill Games
A developer and publisher of educational and historical board games.
http://www.chathamhillgames.com/

Clash of Arms Games
English-language publisher of Tilsit Editions.
http://www.clashofarms.com/

Columbia Games
Award-winning wooden block board games, historical card games, and fantasy role-playing products.
http://www.columbiagames.com/

Conquering Hollywood
The movie board game about "making it" in Hollywood.
http://www.conqueringhollywood.com/

Curious Games
Ordering information, game and game play descriptions, FAQs and errata, and extra characters. Also home to the West Coast Gaming Consortium.
http://www.curiousgames.net

daVinci Games
Board and card games publisher in Italy. Free games available for download.
http://www.davincigames.com/

Davis Toys
Manufactures and distributes Easy Street, Entrepreneur, Jackpot, Pinnacle and The Rainbow Game. These games are based on the principles of business, financial and personal success.
http://www.davistoys.com/

Days of Wonder
American publisher of board and card games. Possibility for game owners to play their games online.
http://www.daysofwonder.com/

Decision Games
Publisher of wargames in both board and computer format, and three wargaming magazines.
http://www.decisiongames.com/

Doris and Frank Games
Doris Matthäus and Frank Nestel, founders of a board and card game company based in southern Germany.
http://doris-frank.de/

Drumond Park
Creators of Articulate and Enigma. Offers game information and online play.
http://www.drumondpark.com/

E.C.S. Games
Three-dimensional board games, from simple fun to sophisticated strategy.
http://www.tiktak3.com/

Endless Games
A variety of board games for all the family.
http://www.endlessgames.com/

Enginuity
Board and card games for the entire family. Winner of a Mensa Select award for Doubles Wild, one of the five best new games of 1999.
http://www.enginuity.com/

Fat Messiah Games
Maker of fantasy science fiction board games, since 1992.
http://www.fatmessiahgames.com/

Fiendish Board Games
Manufacturers of board games in the German style. Hosts a directory of magazines running games by post.
http://www.fbgames.co.uk/

Forrest-Pruzan Creative
Inventors and designers of games and toys. Specializes in concepting and testing social entertainment products.
http://www.forrest-pruzan.com/

Fragor Games
Scottish publisher of games including Leapfrog.
http://www.fragorgames.com

Games For All Reasons
Distributes generational board games such as Finish Line and Paired Up. Offers game information and ordering.
http://www.game-board.com/

Games for the World
Independent board game developer and maker of The World Cup Game. Includes future releases, ordering information, and terms and conditions.
http://www.gamesfortheworld.co.uk/

Games Play UK, Ltd.
Includes contact details, instructions for submission of designs, and a categorized listing of prototype games.
http://www.gamesplayuk.com

Gamewright
Award-winning educational games that entertain, inform, and endure.
http://www.gamewright.com/loband/index.html

Genesis Design
Information about their games Euromille and Crash Masters.
http://www.gamingcorner.nl/genesisdesign/

Get Together Games
A selection of games from Hasbro.
http://get-together-games.com/

Gibsons Games
Traditional board games, jigsaw puzzles and playing cards, made in London.
http://www.gibsonsgames.co.uk/

Gigamic
Publishers of abstract board games. [French/English/German/Dutch/Spanish/Italian]
http://www.gigamic.com/

Gospel Kingdom Games
Offers company profile and Bible Knows game instructions and ordering information.
http://gospelkingdomgames.com/

Grand Prix International
Features information about the company's design and project management services. Also includes ordering information for game components.
http://www.grandprixintl.com/

Great American Puzzle Factory
Developers of board games and puzzles.
http://www.greatamericanpuzzle.com/

The Great Games of Sid Sackson
Features an overview of his work. Includes detailed descriptions of his games, a list of books he authored, and an interview.
http://www.webnoir.com/bob/sackson.htm

HAE
Independent game designers, with a range of board games.
http://www.skateluge.com/

Hangman Games
A small game company dedicated to board games which are challenging, social, have lively graphics, and are, above all else, fun. Each game is individually numbered and produced in a limited run of 1,000.
http://www.hangmangames.com/

Hans im Glück
German company producing several different titles.
http://www.hans-im-glueck.de/

Hasbro
A worldwide leader in the design, manufacture and marketing of toys, games, interactive software, puzzles and infant products.
http://www.hasbro.com/

Histogame
Official site for the publisher of Friedrich. Site includes rules and FAQ for that game, and presents ordering and contact information.
http://www.histogame.de

House of Slack Games
Group of part time game creators. Includes how to play, rules, history, and purchasing details.
http://www.houseofslack.com/

Interformic Games
Publishers of board games and supplements. Divide and conquer with "GRO: Battle for the Petri Dish", or discover "One World Dominion", an expansion for RISK.
http://interformic.com/

Joli Quentin Kansil
Games created by Joli Quentin Kansil for his company, Xanadu Leisure.
http://www.indochinegame.com/

Jolly Games
Produces board and card games designed by Tom Jolly, co-designer of DiskWars, creator of Wiz-War, Drakon, Knots, GOOTMU, and Programmer's Nightmare.
http://www.silcom.com/~tomjolly/

Jolly Roger Games
Design and production of games like Knights of the Dinner Table, Maul of America, and Swashbuckler.
http://jollyrogergames.hypermart.net/

Kadon Enterprises
Creators and producers of over 80 abstract strategy games and geometric puzzles since 1980.
http://www.gamepuzzles.com/

Krimsus Krimskrams-Kiste
German publisher of board and card games. Includes English translations of rules.
http://www.krimsu.de/indexenglish.html

Laughing Gravy Games
Presents descriptions of games they publish, including BattleGrid, Rule the Hand, and Quatero. Also features articles about the social and mental benefits of playing games.
http://www.theludoclub.com/index2.htm

Locust Games
Publisher of strategy and family board and card games. The games are produced in small editions of 50 to 200 copies.
http://www.leacock.com/locust/

Lolo
Develops and publishes a range of board games.
http://www.lolofun.com/

Lost Horizons
A catalog of family games.
http://www.losthorizons.com/

3M Games
The makers of "Post-it" notes. Includes a brief history and links.
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Dennis_Matheson/3mshlf.htm

MacGregor Historic Games
Reproductions of historic board, dice, and card games
http://www.historicgames.com/

Mark Steere Games
Developer of free abstract games. Contains rule sheets and printable boards for download.
http://www.marksteeregames.com/index.html

Mesomorph Games
Hand-crafted board games including Chesstique and the Piecepack game system.
http://www.mesomorph.com/

MHO Games
Presents about us and contact us information for the company, as well as descriptions and pictures of their games, Flatulate and Titillate.
http://www.mhogames.com/

Multi-Man Publishing
Official developer and publisher of ASL, Bitter Woods, Up Front and other classic Avalon Hill titles.
http://www.multimanpublishing.com/

Nice Ideas
Publisher of Doin's D.C. game. Includes information about the game and the publisher.
http://www.niceideas.com

oktabo games
Produces board games that focus on the 3Cs of gaming: creative thinking, communication and competition/cooperation.
http://www.oktabo.com/

Operational Studies Group Games
Publishes Napoleonic Wars board games.
http://www.napoleongames.com/

Outset Media
Offers games for families, parties, and children. Also features a profile of the company and ordering information.
http://www.outsetmedia.com/

Playroom Entertainment
Develops, designs, manufactures and markets games, puzzles, and brainteasers for the toy, game, educational and gift industries.
http://www.playrooment.com/

Powercell Games
Features company background, game descriptions, a forum, and ordering information.
http://www.powercellgames.com

Puzzle Depot
A privately-owned company specializing in puzzle software and internet marketing services for board game, novelty and other puzzle-related distributors.
http://www.puzzledepot.com/company.shtml

Ragnar Brothers Games
Information, reviews and chat about the games the Ragnar Brothers have been recently playing.
http://www.ragnarbrothers.co.uk/

ReinerSpiel
Listing of games written by Reiner Knizia. Includes rules and publisher data.
http://freespace.virgin.net/chris.lawson/rk/index.htm

Reveal Entertainment
Manufacturing and marketing company for family, party and educational games and products.
http://www.revealgames.com/

Rio Grande Games
Publisher of strategic family board and card games. Games such as Tikal, Carcassonne, Lost Cities, Lord of the Rings: the Search, and Bohnanza.
http://www.riograndegames.com/

Sagacity Games
Australian publisher of the strategy board game Sunda to Sahul.
http://sagacity.aires.com.au/

Salamander Games
A developer of board and card games in the fantasy, sci-fi and family genres.
http://www.salamandergames.com/

Savita Games
Offers the Antarctica Global Warming game for sale. Also features features, rules, a map, and frequently asked questions.
http://www.savitagames.com/

Sierra Madre Games
Makers of historical and conflict-simulation games.
http://www.sierramadregames.com/

Simmons Games
Contains downloadable rules, strategy articles, and ordering information.
http://www.simmonsgames.com/

Simulations Workshop
A company dedicated to desktop publishing small board and card games, with topics not covered by mainstream game developers.
http://members.tripod.com/SimulationsWorkshop/

Soul Search Enterprises
Features contact us and about us information, and a description and pictures of the game they publish.
http://www.soulsearchenterprises.com/

Spy Alley Partners
A game company located in Maple Grove, Minnesota.
http://www.spyalley.com/

Stalefish Labs
A toy and game company devoted to dreaming and tinkering with new ways to have fun in a modern world. Situated in Nashville.
http://www.stalefishlabs.com/

Stock Rush, Inc.
An independent publisher of a Stock Market board game that includes all the basic principles of trading used in the real world.
http://www.stockrush.com/

Table Tactics
Creator of add-ons for popular Milton Bradley games.
http://www.tabletactics.com/

Tailgate Racing
Includes a statement of purpose and product information.
http://www.tailgateracing.com/

TDC Games
Creators of board games in several categories.
http://www.tdcgames.com/

TerrorBull Games
Includes a manifesto and list of games in development.
http://www.terrorbullgames.co.uk/

TLI Games
They has been developing and manufacturing games since 1991. Their motto is that people learn best when they're having fun.
http://www.tligames.com/

Uberplay Entertainment
Designer of New England, Wild Life, and High Society. Includes company and contact information.
http://www.uberplay.com/main.html

University Games
America's fastest-growing board game company develops products that encourage social interaction while providing fun, entertainment, and education.
http://www.ugames.com/

Winning Moves
A maker of classic card games, children's fun and learning games, and popular adult party games.
http://www.winning-moves.com/

Winsome Games
Manufacturer of railroad and other board games.
http://www.fyi.net/~winsome/

Wunderland
Offers news archive, online games, and e-books. Titles include Fluxx, Icehouse, Aquarius, Nanofictionary, Chrononauts, Lost Identities, Cosmic Coasters, Are You a Werewolf?, and Proton.
http://www.wunderland.com/


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Ciekawostki

Krótkotrwałe panowanie Henryka Walezego na Wawelu było prawdziwym zderzeniem cywilizacyjnym pomiędzy rzeczywistością polską, a francuską. Młodego króla i jego francuską świtę dziwiły urządzane przez polskich poddanych pijatyki, rozczarowało ubóstwo polskich wsi i surowy klimat kraju. Polacy natomiast uważali Francuzów za zniewieściałych, władcy mieli za złe cudzoziemskie stroje i zamiłowanie do biżuterii. Co ciekawe, pod wieloma względami ówczesna Polska wyprzedzała Francję. Właśnie na Wawelu Walezy po raz pierwszy zobaczył wychodki, z których nieczystości odprowadzano poza zamkowe mury, i po powrocie do Francji nakazał zbudowanie takich urządzeń w Luwrze i innych pałacach.


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