Henryk III Walezy
(ur. 19 września 1551 w Fontainebleau, zm. 2 sierpnia 1589 w Saint-Cloud)
- ostatni z francuskiej dynastii Walezjuszów, jednej z gałęzi Kapetyngów. Książę Orleanu, a w latach 1573-1574 król Polski jako Henryk zwany Walezym. Od 1574 król Francji jako Henryk III.

Pochodzenie



Herb rodowy

Henryk Walezy był czwartym synem Henryka II, króla Francji i Katarzyny Medycejskiej. Na chrzcie otrzymał on imiona Aleksander Edward. Imię Henryk nadano mu dopiero na bierzmowaniu w roku 1565. Jego brat, Karol IX, był królem francuskim. Matka za wszelką cenę chciała osadzić wszystkich swych synów na tronie i gdy nie powiodły się inne plany wobec Henryka, zdecydowała się starać o egzotyczny dla Francuzów tron polski. Rozdzierające Francję walki katolików z hugenotami (francuskimi protestantami), czyli tzw. III wojna z hugenotami, umożliwiły Henrykowi pokazanie swych wojskowych umiejętności. Dzięki jego osobistej odwadze i przytomności umysłu pokonano w 1569 roku oddziały hugenotów pod Jarnac.

Przez pewien czas Henryk sprawował urząd generalnego namiestnika królestwa. Tak więc już w młodzieńczych latach dał się on poznać zarówno jako dobry polityk jak i sumienny urzędnik.


Droga do polskiego tronu

Wybory nowego władcy polskiego po okresie bezkrólewia odbyły się w kwietniu i maju 1573 r. na prawym brzegu Wisły, naprzeciw Warszawy, pod wsią Kamień, która obecnie stanowi część stolicy. Najpoważniejszymi kandydatami do korony obok brata króla francuskiego byli: syn cesarza Maksymiliana II arcyksiążę Ernest Habsburg, car Iwan IV Groźny i Jan III Waza, król szwedzki, mąż Katarzyny Jagiellonki, siostry Zygmunta Augusta. Pod Warszawą stawiło się ok. 50 tysięcy osób, które uczestniczyły w głosowaniu. Najpierw odbyła się prezentacja kandydatów, której dokonali zagraniczni posłowie. Następnie zaczęto spisywać, lecz już w węższym gronie wybranych komisji „artykuły dla króla”. Miały to być uprawnienia i zobowiązania panującego. Po ich zatwierdzeniu, 5 kwietnia 1573 r. odbyło się głosowanie nad pretendentami do tronu. Zwycięzcą okazał się kandydat francuski, przedstawiony przez posła Jana de Monluc. Kilka dni po elekcji posłowie przyszłego monarchy zaprzysięgli w jego imieniu uchwalone przed wyborem postanowienia ogólne. Były to tak zwane artykuły henrykowskie. Przyjęto również osobiste zobowiązania elekta, noszące nazwę pacta conventa. Wybrano też poselstwo, które miało udać się do Paryża, aby oficjalnie zawiadomić księcia francuskiego o wyborze na króla Rzeczypospolitej Polski i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, odebrać od niego przysięgę, potwierdzającą przyjęcie uchwał elekcyjnych (artykułów i paktów), oraz możliwie szybko sprowadzić go do Rzeczypospolitej. Poselstwo wysłano okazałe i godne. Pertraktacje z Henrykiem i jego bratem, królem Francji Karolem IX, trwały dość długo. Opór budziły przede wszystkim artykuły dotyczące swobody wyznaniowej i możliwości wypowiedzenia posłuszeństwa królowi. Ostatecznie obaj władcy uznali i zaprzysięgli 22 sierpnia 1573 r. dawne i nowe prawa. Po tym fakcie poselstwo doręczyło Henrykowi dokument elekcyjny. Henryk Walezy został ogłoszony królem polskim i wielkim księciem litewskim.


Nihil novi



Potęga Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu. Zlota wolność. Elekcja., Jan Matejko

Do granic Polski dotarł po dwumiesięcznej podróży w końcu stycznia 1574 r. Orszak królewski, liczący 1200 koni, wozy z bagażami oraz karety z damami dworu i niewiastami lekkich obyczajów, ciągnął przez Heidelberg, Fuldę, Torgau, Frankfurt. Na Łużycach oczekiwał go książę piastowski Jerzy II Brzeski, który towarzyszył królowi aż do polskiej granicy. Granicę przekroczono w Międzyrzeczu, gdzie monarchę uroczyście powitała delegacja senatu z biskupem kujawskim, wojewodowie i kasztelanowie. Później przez Poznań i Częstochowę udano się w kierunku Krakowa, gdzie nastąpiło oficjalne powitanie.

Cancer


Katalog D M O Z : Health : Conditions and Diseases : Cancer
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    88 pages found in Cancer:

    About.com: Cancer
    Presents general overview information on many of the main kinds of tumors. Includes news, doctor search, glossary and access to support hotlines.
    http://cancer.about.com/

    ACOR Support
    Links-based listing by the Association of Online Cancer Resources.
    http://www.acor.org/support.html

    ACS: Statistics
    American Cancer Society presents an array of related statistics.
    http://www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp

    AllExperts Oncology Q&A
    Directory of cancer experts volunteering to answer both general and disease-specific questions.
    http://www.allexperts.com/browse.cgi?catLvl=3&catID=978

    Cancer Advice UK
    Advice and information about diagnosis and treatment issues. Includes leaflets, book suggestions, links and support groups.
    http://www.canceradvice.co.uk

    The Cancer Blog
    Web log consisting of primarily of articles and reports on tumor issues and topics.
    http://www.thecancerblog.com/

    Cancer Consultants
    Provides information and resources on the treatment and management of cancer for patients and professionals.
    http://patient.cancerconsultants.com/

    Cancer Dictionary & Acronyms
    Terminology and abbreviations presented in a searchable format.
    http://dictionary.rare-cancer.org/

    The Cancer Information Network
    Articles and resources for cancer patients, their families, and caregivers.
    http://www.thecancer.net/

    Cancer Information Services
    Information from the U.S. National Cancer Institute including access to links, press releases and publications.
    http://cis.nci.nih.gov

    Cancer Leadership Council
    A patient-centered forum of national advocacy organizations addressing public policy issues.
    http://www.cancerleadership.org

    The Cancer Letter
    Periodical which supplies news and current information about the state of research and treatment.
    http://www.cancerletter.com

    Cancer Lynx
    An online 'zine for patients and professionals.
    http://www.cancerlynx.com/

    Cancer Matters
    Gives general information including a discussion of treatment options on a range of tumors. Provides links and a directory of resources.
    http://www.cancermatters.com

    Cancer Mondial
    The International Agency for Research on Cancer provides access to reports and databases on occurrence and characteristics.
    http://www-dep.iarc.fr/

    Cancer Monthly
    Presents information on research results.
    http://www.cancermonthly.com

    Cancer Network.com
    Information resource aimed at health professionals. Requires registration.
    http://www.cancernetwork.com

    Cancer Nutrition Center
    Explores the link between tumors and nutrition. Offers dietary advice for patients.
    http://www.cancernutrition.com/

    Cancer Page
    Information and community resources including chat rooms, message boards, physician directory and clinical trials.
    http://www.cancerpage.com/

    Cancer Rates and Risks
    Provides international incidence and mortality rates including information about risk factors. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
    http://rex.nci.nih.gov/NCI_Pub_Interface/raterisk/riskstoc.html

    Cancer Site Finder.com
    Offers a searchable database of tumor related websites with descriptions of each. Allows users to search by topic, feature, or quality standard.
    http://www1.cancersitefinder.com/TopicReq?

    Cancer Story
    PBS series provides details about cancer in terms the average person can understand. Features videos, transcripts, broadcast dates, episode synopsis, and resource links.
    http://www.cancerstory.org/

    The Cancer Supportive Care Programs
    Book excerpts covering such topics as psychosocial issues, support, nutrition, pain control and spirituality.
    http://www.cancersupportivecare.com/

    Cancer Surveillance On-Line
    Gives current statistics for Canada.
    http://dsol-smed.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dsol-smed/cancer/index_e.html

    Cancer Survivors Project
    A community resource for long term survivors. Includes access to the ACOR email discussion group.
    http://www.cancersurvivorsproject.org

    Cancerbackup
    Information and support from this UK organization which addresses many of the types of tumors. Includes access to online booklets and other resources.
    http://www.cancerbackup.org.uk/

    CancerExperts MD
    Physicians located in Boston offer second opinions and personalized case reviews. Provides an online ask-a-doctor service.
    http://www.cancerexpertsmd.com

    CancerHelpOnline
    Links to many related support sites.
    http://www.cancerhelponline.org

    CancerLinks.org
    Resources about the condition and treatment in a links format.
    http://www.cancerlinks.org

    CancerNausea.com
    Presents information to help manage nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy or radiation treatments.
    http://www.cancernausea.com/

    Cancer.Net
    Patient information from the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Includes cancer types, treatments, surviorship, advocacy, resources, podcasts, and news.
    http://www.cancer.net/

    CancerNews.com
    Articles and links pertaining to many related topics.
    http://www.cancernews.com/intro.htm

    CancerSymptoms
    Discusses common symptoms related to cancer treatment. Provides email access to a nurse for questions.
    http://www.cancersymptoms.org/

    CancerTrack
    Access to related news, books and links.
    http://www.cancertrack.com

    Caring4Cancer
    A cancer patient resource providing news, tools, information, forums, blogs, experts, and support to help manage your cancer diagnosis and treatment. Each cancer has unique information, reviewed by top oncologists.
    http://www.caring4cancer.com

    Cellscience: A-Z Cancer Directory
    Links-based listing in areas such as research, hospitals, charities, funding and education.
    http://www.cellscience.com/CANmain.html

    Chemo Care
    Scott Hamilton’s chemotherapy site offers general treatment information for cancer patients.
    http://www.chemocare.com/

    Chemotherapy.com
    Provides educational information on therapy for cancer patients, including chemo side-effects. Sponsored by the Amgen firm.
    http://www.chemotherapy.com

    DIPEx: Cancer
    Includes audio and video interviews of patient experiences.
    http://www.dipex.org/

    Don't Say That Word
    Provides an online forum on cancer, information, personal stories, poetry and remembrance pages. Graphics-intensive.
    http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stemcclay/home.htm

    eMedicine Health: What You Need to Know
    Consumer health resource center providing general information on cancer prevention, symptoms and treatment.
    http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cancer_what_you_need_to_know/article_em.htm

    eMedicine Health: Cancer Symptoms
    Consumer health resource center providing information on common symptoms.
    http://www.emedicinehealth.com/cancer_symptoms/article_em.htm

    eMedTV Cancer Channel
    Providing medically reviewed information on the possible causes, symptoms, types and current treatments.
    http://cancer.emedtv.com/

    Guide to Internet Resources for Cancer
    Non-profit directory of information sorted by disease type, country and treatment.
    http://www.cancerindex.org/clinks1.htm

    HCA Cancer Guides
    General information including treatment options.
    http://www.hcacancerguide.com/

    HealthCentersOnline: Cancer
    Information on cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and radiation.
    http://cancer.healthcentersonline.com/

    Hematology Oncology News & Issues
    Headline news and articles for cancer professionals and patients.
    http://www.hemoncnews.com

    Imperial Cancer Research Fund
    A UK charity site that offers news and information about the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
    http://www.imperialcancer.co.uk/

    Inside Cancer
    Multimedia guide on the biology of cancer. Offers interviews with researchers, and animations on the underlying science.
    http://www.insidecancer.org

    InteliHealth: Cancer
    Medical information, articles and news covering a variety of tumors and related issues.
    http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8096/8096.html

    Ladies Home Journal: Cancer
    Links to articles about skin and breast tumors.
    http://www.lhj.com/home/Cancer.html

    Manage CINV
    Offers patients and professionals information about chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
    http://www.managecinv.com

    MCW: Cancer Information
    Topics and articles from the Medical College of Wisconsin's HealthLink resource.
    http://healthlink.mcw.edu/cancer/

    MedicineNet: Cancer
    Presents information such as prevention and treatment side-effects. Also gives resources including links, articles and support groups.
    http://www.medicinenet.com/cancer/focus.htm

    Meds.com: Cancer Glossary
    Aims to provide a better understanding of words frequently used in patient care.
    http://www.meds.com/glossary.html

    Microscopic Hematology
    University of Virginia offers microscope images of blood tumors.
    http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/hematology/hessidb/home.cfm

    Multinational Association Of Supportive Care In Cancer
    Research and education in all measures of care for patients with these diseases.
    http://www.mascc.org/

    National Comprehensive Cancer Network
    NCCN is a not-for-profit alliance of centers that develops practice guidelines to help in making informed treatment decisions.
    http://www.nccn.org/

    Nature: Cancer Update
    Service which provides access to news articles and reports about recent research activity. Registration required.
    http://www.nature.com/cancer/

    NCCN and ACS: Cancer Treatment Options
    Guidelines by the American Cancer Society and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network on early detection, staging, support, care and treatment side-effects for a number of tumors.
    http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/ETO_10.asp

    NCI Center for Cancer Research
    U.S. government resource which provides access to information for researchers and about collaborations. Aimed at the professional level.
    http://ccr.nci.nih.gov/research/

    NCI: Dictionary of Cancer Terms
    Glossary offered by the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
    http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/

    NetCancerAlert
    Provides access to articles and links that are oncology related.
    http://www.netcanceralert.com

    Nexcura: Cancer Facts
    Provides current information and access to a clinical trials profiler.
    http://www.cancerfacts.com/defaultsecure.asp

    On Top of Cancer
    Links-based guide to Internet resource.
    http://www.ontopofcancer.org

    OncoLink
    Includes information including news, prevention, clinical trials, conferences and psychosocial support from the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center.
    http://www.oncolink.com/

    Oncology Interactive Education Series
    Commercial audio-visual educational resources for patients.
    http://www.oncologyinteractive.com/site/

    OralChemo.org
    Gives overview information on oral chemotherapy aimed for patients and families. Sponsored by the Roche pharmaceutical firm.
    http://www.oralchemo.org

    Radiofrequency Ablation: Cancer
    Brief summary of a technique which may be used for treatment. Includes a FAQ, message board and illustrations.
    http://www.geocities.com/rfacancer/

    Rare Adult & Pediatric Cancers
    Provides information, support, forums, links and news.
    http://www.rare-cancer.org

    Rare Tumors.org
    Web-based resource that presents information on a number of the less common cancers.
    http://www.raretumours.org

    Revolution Health: Cancer
    Find cancer information, covering symptoms, causes, risks, treatments and types. Discuss cancer issues with others in forums, blogs, personal stories and recommendations.
    http://www.revolutionhealth.com/conditions/cancer/

    Suite 101
    Articles and links about cancer treatments.
    http://www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/new_cancer_treatments

    Target Tumors
    Information about targeted therapy approach in relation to a number of cancers.
    http://www.targettumors.org

    Telematics Services in Cancer
    TeleSCAN offers access to resources aimed for European oncologists. Provides links, general information and an intra-site search tool for specific diseases.
    http://telescan.nki.nl/

    Topix: Cancer News
    Headline news and content on related issues.
    http://www.topix.com/health/cancer

    Untangling the Web
    Provides access to disability resources including those needed for cancer care support.
    http://www.icdi.wvu.edu/Others.htm

    USnews.com: Best Cancer Hospitals
    Ranking by the magazine of the fifty top cancer hospitals in the United States.
    http://www.usnews.com/usnews/health/best-hospitals/rankings/specihqcanc.htm

    WebMD: Cancer
    Consumer health site which includes information for the newly diagnosed, as well as for those coping with chemotherapy.
    http://www.webmd.com/cancer

    Wikicities: Cancer
    An open-publishing wiki portal for those interested in this topic. Available for viewing or editing.
    http://cancer.wikia.com/

    The World Against Cancer
    A conduit source consisting primarily of multi-lingual search engines.
    http://www.twac.org

    World Oncology Network
    Directory of cancer specialists and hematologists.
    http://www.worldoncology.net

    Yahoo Health: Cancer and Chemotherapy
    Information in links and article form including basic facts, what to expect and side effects.
    http://health.yahoo.com/topic/cancer

    YourCancerToday
    A resource for all cancer related information including, news, video, doctors, hospitals, treatment, and breakthroughs.
    http://www.yourcancertoday.com

    BBC News: Cancer the Facts
    A guide to several types of tumors and their treatments including audio from experts, survivors' stories and news archives. <small>(March 17, 2000)</small>
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/health/2000/cancer/

    About.com Cancer
    Latest articles from the Cancer GuideSite. [RSS]
    http://z.about.com/6/g/cancer/b/rss2.xml

    The Cancer Blog
    Web log consisting of primarily of articles and reports on tumor issues and topics. [RSS]
    http://www.thecancerblog.com/rss.xml

    Cancer/Oncology News From Medical News Today
    Press releases and news articles about research findings and treatments. [RSS]
    http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/rss/cancer-oncology.xml


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    Ciekawostki

    Krótkotrwałe panowanie Henryka Walezego na Wawelu było prawdziwym zderzeniem cywilizacyjnym pomiędzy rzeczywistością polską, a francuską. Młodego króla i jego francuską świtę dziwiły urządzane przez polskich poddanych pijatyki, rozczarowało ubóstwo polskich wsi i surowy klimat kraju. Polacy natomiast uważali Francuzów za zniewieściałych, władcy mieli za złe cudzoziemskie stroje i zamiłowanie do biżuterii. Co ciekawe, pod wieloma względami ówczesna Polska wyprzedzała Francję. Właśnie na Wawelu Walezy po raz pierwszy zobaczył wychodki, z których nieczystości odprowadzano poza zamkowe mury, i po powrocie do Francji nakazał zbudowanie takich urządzeń w Luwrze i innych pałacach.


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