Henryk III Walezy
(ur. 19 września 1551 w Fontainebleau, zm. 2 sierpnia 1589 w Saint-Cloud)
- ostatni z francuskiej dynastii Walezjuszów, jednej z gałęzi Kapetyngów. Książę Orleanu, a w latach 1573-1574 król Polski jako Henryk zwany Walezym. Od 1574 król Francji jako Henryk III.

Pochodzenie



Herb rodowy

Henryk Walezy był czwartym synem Henryka II, króla Francji i Katarzyny Medycejskiej. Na chrzcie otrzymał on imiona Aleksander Edward. Imię Henryk nadano mu dopiero na bierzmowaniu w roku 1565. Jego brat, Karol IX, był królem francuskim. Matka za wszelką cenę chciała osadzić wszystkich swych synów na tronie i gdy nie powiodły się inne plany wobec Henryka, zdecydowała się starać o egzotyczny dla Francuzów tron polski. Rozdzierające Francję walki katolików z hugenotami (francuskimi protestantami), czyli tzw. III wojna z hugenotami, umożliwiły Henrykowi pokazanie swych wojskowych umiejętności. Dzięki jego osobistej odwadze i przytomności umysłu pokonano w 1569 roku oddziały hugenotów pod Jarnac.

Przez pewien czas Henryk sprawował urząd generalnego namiestnika królestwa. Tak więc już w młodzieńczych latach dał się on poznać zarówno jako dobry polityk jak i sumienny urzędnik.


Droga do polskiego tronu

Wybory nowego władcy polskiego po okresie bezkrólewia odbyły się w kwietniu i maju 1573 r. na prawym brzegu Wisły, naprzeciw Warszawy, pod wsią Kamień, która obecnie stanowi część stolicy. Najpoważniejszymi kandydatami do korony obok brata króla francuskiego byli: syn cesarza Maksymiliana II arcyksiążę Ernest Habsburg, car Iwan IV Groźny i Jan III Waza, król szwedzki, mąż Katarzyny Jagiellonki, siostry Zygmunta Augusta. Pod Warszawą stawiło się ok. 50 tysięcy osób, które uczestniczyły w głosowaniu. Najpierw odbyła się prezentacja kandydatów, której dokonali zagraniczni posłowie. Następnie zaczęto spisywać, lecz już w węższym gronie wybranych komisji „artykuły dla króla”. Miały to być uprawnienia i zobowiązania panującego. Po ich zatwierdzeniu, 5 kwietnia 1573 r. odbyło się głosowanie nad pretendentami do tronu. Zwycięzcą okazał się kandydat francuski, przedstawiony przez posła Jana de Monluc. Kilka dni po elekcji posłowie przyszłego monarchy zaprzysięgli w jego imieniu uchwalone przed wyborem postanowienia ogólne. Były to tak zwane artykuły henrykowskie. Przyjęto również osobiste zobowiązania elekta, noszące nazwę pacta conventa. Wybrano też poselstwo, które miało udać się do Paryża, aby oficjalnie zawiadomić księcia francuskiego o wyborze na króla Rzeczypospolitej Polski i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, odebrać od niego przysięgę, potwierdzającą przyjęcie uchwał elekcyjnych (artykułów i paktów), oraz możliwie szybko sprowadzić go do Rzeczypospolitej. Poselstwo wysłano okazałe i godne. Pertraktacje z Henrykiem i jego bratem, królem Francji Karolem IX, trwały dość długo. Opór budziły przede wszystkim artykuły dotyczące swobody wyznaniowej i możliwości wypowiedzenia posłuszeństwa królowi. Ostatecznie obaj władcy uznali i zaprzysięgli 22 sierpnia 1573 r. dawne i nowe prawa. Po tym fakcie poselstwo doręczyło Henrykowi dokument elekcyjny. Henryk Walezy został ogłoszony królem polskim i wielkim księciem litewskim.


Nihil novi



Potęga Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu. Zlota wolność. Elekcja., Jan Matejko

Do granic Polski dotarł po dwumiesięcznej podróży w końcu stycznia 1574 r. Orszak królewski, liczący 1200 koni, wozy z bagażami oraz karety z damami dworu i niewiastami lekkich obyczajów, ciągnął przez Heidelberg, Fuldę, Torgau, Frankfurt. Na Łużycach oczekiwał go książę piastowski Jerzy II Brzeski, który towarzyszył królowi aż do polskiej granicy. Granicę przekroczono w Międzyrzeczu, gdzie monarchę uroczyście powitała delegacja senatu z biskupem kujawskim, wojewodowie i kasztelanowie. Później przez Poznań i Częstochowę udano się w kierunku Krakowa, gdzie nastąpiło oficjalne powitanie.

Children, Youth and Family


Katalog D M O Z : Society : Issues : Children, Youth and Family
  • Advocacy Groups (175)
  • Child Welfare Organizations@ (131)
  •  
  • Service Organizations (480)

  • Adoption (32)
  • Child Abduction (94)
  • Child Abuse (662)
  • Child Care (33)
  • Child Health@ (472)
  • Child Labor (28)
  • Child Poverty (44)
  • Child Slavery@ (8)
  • Child Soldiers (20)
  • Child Support (22)
  • Childfree Living@ (67)
  • Corporal Punishment (16)
  • Divorce and Children@ (23)
  •  
  • Educational Issues@ (510)
  • Family Violence@ (83)
  • Foster Care (25)
  • Gay Marriage@ (82)
  • Grandparent Rights@ (3)
  • Internet Safety@ (87)
  • Marriage Penalty@ (1)
  • Parents' Rights (27)
  • Prenatal Rights@ (3)
  • Streetkids@ (277)
  • Teen Health@ (57)
  • Youth Civil Rights@ (36)
  • Youth Violence@ (56)

  • 87 pages found in Children, Youth and Family:

    Action for Child Protection
    A consulting and training organization providing resources and technical assistance to national, state and county child welfare professionals and agencies primarily in the area of child protective services.
    http://www.actionchildprotection.org/

    American Association for the Child's Right to Play
    Protects, preserves, and promotes play as a fundamental right for all humans.
    http://www.ipausa.org/

    American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences
    Works to improve the quality and standards of individual and family life through programs that educate, influence public policy, disseminate information and publish research findings.
    http://www.aafcs.org/

    Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth
    A national collaboration of researchers, policy makers and practitioners devoted to building a better future for Australia's children and young people. Programs, publications, and media centre.
    http://www.aracy.org.au/

    Board on Children, Youth, and Families Homepage (BOCYF)
    Created in 1993 to provide an authoritative, nonpartisan analysis of child, youth, and family issues. Board members, current research projects, publications, and meeting information included.
    http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bocyf/

    Brothers and Sisters
    Offers a Christian perspective and practical tools on building successful relationships between brothers and sisters.
    http://www.brothersandsisters.net

    Budden Praed Foundation
    Seeks to improve the quality of publicly funded social services for children and families. Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) methodology, news, and small grant program.
    http://www.buddinpraed.org/

    Center for the Study of Natural Systems and the Family
    Provides educational programs and information on Bowen theory and the study of family systems. Features mission statement, links and newsletter.
    http://csnsf.org/

    Center for the Study of Social Policy
    Strives to help states and localities implement strategies that strengthen disadvantaged communities and ensure that children grow up healthy, safe, successful in school, and ready for productive adulthood.
    http://www.cssp.org/

    Center on Media and Child Health
    Educates children, parents, and the public on media and their effects on the physical, mental, and social health of all children.
    http://www.cmch.tv/

    Chapin Hall Center for Children
    A research center located at the University of Chicago that informs policymakers, service providers, and administrators on issues affecting the well being of children. Projects, publications, and newsletter.
    http://www.chapinhall.org/

    Child Trends
    An independent, nonpartisan research center dedicated to improving the lives of children and their families. Projects, news, and publications.
    http://www.childtrends.org/

    Child Trends DataBank
    National trends and research on key indicators of child and youth well-being. News, data, and research briefs.
    http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/

    Child Welfare Information Gateway
    A service of the Children's Bureau, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Provides access to print and electronic publications, websites, and online databases on topics such as child welfare, child abuse and neglect, adoption, and search and reunion.
    http://www.childwelfare.gov

    The Child Well-Being Index
    Produced by Duke University researchers, the Child Well-Being Index is an evidence-based measure of trends over time in the quality of life or well-being of America’s children and young people. Description of index, data, and press information.
    http://www.soc.duke.edu/~cwi/

    Children and the Law
    Established in 1978, the ABA Center on Children and the Law's mission is to improve children's lives through advances in law, justice, knowledge, practice, and public policy.
    http://www.abanet.org/child/home.html

    Children and Violence
    Provides resources for researchers and others interested in issues related to violence and children.
    http://www.public.asu.edu/~dbodman/candv/

    Children's Budget Report
    A detailed analysis of spending on low-income children's programs in 13 states(1998).
    http://www.urban.org/publications/308042.html

    Children's Bureau Express
    An online, monthly digest designed for professionals concerned with child abuse and neglect, child welfare, and adoption.
    http://cbexpress.acf.hhs.gov/index.cfm

    The Children's Institute, University of Cape Town
    Aims to address the needs and rights of South African children through policy research and other academic activities.
    http://www.ci.org.za/

    Children's Partnership
    Undertakes research and policy analysis, publishes reports and multimedia materials, and forges new alliances among parents, policymakers and the private sector to achieve tangible gains for children.
    http://www.childrenspartnership.org/

    The Children's Society
    A UK based organization that assists street children, disabled children, young refugees, and children in trouble with the law. News, events, and donation and volunteer information.
    http://www.the-childrens-society.org.uk/

    Childstats.gov
    Provides statistical reports on the status of U.S. children and their families, including population, family characteristics, economic security, health, environment, education. From the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.
    http://www.childstats.gov/

    Childwelfare.com
    Provides publications and data at the state and national level on adoption, child abuse, welfare reform, foster care, and child poverty.
    http://www.childwelfare.com/

    Civitas
    Offers expert opinion, important tips, and complete lists to handle virtually every aspect of raising a child. Information for parents, professionals, and grandparents.
    http://www.civitas.org/

    Clearinghouse on International Developments in Child, Youth and Family Policies
    This website is sponsored by the Columbia University Institute for Child and Family Policy and provides cross-national, comparative information and linkages regarding the policies, programs, benefits and services available in the advanced industrialized countries to address child, youth and family needs.
    http://www.childpolicyintl.org/

    The Comic Book Project
    A project of Teachers College, Columbia University that engages children in a creative process leading to literacy reinforcement, social awareness, and character development. Student galleries, publications, and news.
    http://www.comicbookproject.org/

    Connect For Kids
    Information for adults who want to make their communities better places for children. News, a directory of groups working on behalf of children and families, and articles on many parenting topics.
    http://www.connectforkids.org/

    cpinfo
    The child policy service of the National Children's Bureau of the UK. It provides information on issues relating to children and young people from Westminster and Whitehall.
    http://www.cpinfo.org.uk

    D.A.R.E.
    Provides children with the information and skills they need to live drug and violence free lives.
    http://www.dare.com/home/default.asp

    D-aRts Youth Organization
    As an after school arts initiative, D-aRts plans events for youth ages 14 to 20 with its main focus being to get youth involved with the arts. Currently our event productions include, Spoken Word, Fine Arts, Dance, Music, Fashion.
    http://www.dartscafe.com

    Deliver The Dream
    A respite and retreat program that serves families facing serious illness or crisis by helping them to enhance coping skills, reduce stress and cultivate relationships. Press releases, newsletter, information on retreat weekends, and volunteer opportunities.
    http://www.deliverthedream.org/

    Embracing the Child
    Provides children's books and other reading material to organizations that serve at-risk children such as safe houses, foster care facilities, and emergency shelters.
    http://www.embracingthechild.org/

    Eurlyaid - The European Association on Early Intervention
    An association of scientists, professionals and parents focused on children with special needs. News, conferences, and discussion forums.
    http://www.eurlyaid.net/

    Evaluation and Research Database
    A UNICEF database that contains evaluations, studies and surveys related to UNICEF programs. Reports can be sorted by country, by region, by theme or by date.
    http://www.unicef.org/evaldatabase/index.html

    Families Commission
    The Families Commission is a government agency that is an advocate for New Zealand families. It funds research, seeks the views of the community, and works to influence government family policy.
    http://www.familiescommission.govt.nz

    familyfacts.org
    Sponsored by the Heritage Foundation, this site presents findings on the family, society and religion from peer-reviewed journals, books and government surveys.
    http://www.familyfacts.org

    Father Resource Network
    A nonprofit resource, support, and referral service that helps fathers and families cope with difficult challenges and transformations.
    http://www.father.com/

    FLAME Network
    A voluntary network within the Church of England working for the enhancement of family life, marriage and human relationships.
    http://www.flamefamily.co.uk/

    For Kids' Sake
    A weblog discussing the issues that affect children across the world; from child abuse, to poverty, to child soldiers, to education, to medication, and everything else. Also includes ways for people to make a difference.
    http://www.blogcharm.com/4kids

    Forum for Youth Investment
    Seeks to help organizations and individuals in the allied youth fields by providing research, publications, and issue discussions. Resources, news, and the periodic publication Forum Focus.
    http://www.forumforyouthinvestment.org/

    The Future of Children
    Online publication by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation whose primary purpose is to disseminate timely information on major issues related to children's well-being.
    http://www.futureofchildren.org/

    Glasgow Centre for the Child and Society
    Academic and documentation centre based at the University of Glasgow which conducts research, offers teaching, consultancy and policy advice primarily in the areas of child welfare, children's rights, child protection and young people and crime. Services list, recent publications, and scholar profiles included.
    http://www.gccs.gla.ac.uk/

    Happen Inc.
    A unique, non-profit organization in Cincinnati, Ohio that helps parents and their children share creative, bonding experiences using art as the medium. Classes, community programs, and volunteer opportunities.
    http://www.happeninc.com/

    Houston Family Foundation
    A non-profit, Christ-centered organization dedicated to helping parents raise children and build families with virtue.
    http://www.houstonfamilyfoundation.org/

    How to Make a Family
    Columns, essays, and advice on issues pertinent to "family" in both its broadest and most intimate contexts.
    http://www.howtomakeafamily.com/

    Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Communities
    Located at Eastern Michigan University, the Institute applies scholarly research and practical expertise to issues such as foster care and child welfare.
    http://www.iscfc.emich.edu/

    Invest in Kids
    A nonprofit organization in Canada focused on early childhood development. Research, publications, and resources for parents and professionals.
    http://www.investinkids.ca/

    Journey of a Missionary
    Assists children and families in Libano, Columbia. Programs, newsletter, Viatorian Center, and donation information.
    http://www.bendiga.org/

    Kids First!
    Evaluates, rates, and endorses video, film, software, and other media products designed for children using a volunteer, community-based jury comprising professionals, teachers, parents, and children. Reviews, articles, and newsletter.
    http://www.kidsfirst.org/kidsfirst/

    Kids First Coalition
    Seeks to promote and encourage traditional families. Policy initiatives, congressional testimony, and press releases.
    http://www.kidsfirstcoalition.org/

    Kidsdata
    Lists and tracks information on 30 health topics for children in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties in Northern California, and shows comparable California and U.S. data where available.
    http://www.kidsdata.org/

    kidsnutrition.org
    A site by the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC) of the Baylor College of Medicine. Research, news, and information and resources for parents.
    http://www.kidsnutrition.org/

    Local Investment Commission
    An effort by the state of Missouri to work with citizens, businesses, and civic and labor leaders to improve the lives of children and families in Kansas City and Jackson County. Initiatives, news, and data.
    http://www.kclinc.org/

    Losing Generations: Adolescents in High-Risk Settings
    Complete text of the book by the Panel on High-Risk Youth, National Research Council.
    http://www.nap.edu/catalog/2113.html

    Middle of Somewhere
    Web magazine for children of missionary families. Published by students from the American Christian School in Japan.
    http://www.christarjapan.org/

    Military HOMEFRONT
    Department of Defense web site providing information on military children and youth issues, programs, initiatives, and military and civilian partnerships.
    http://www.militaryhomefront.dod.mil/

    MissouriFamilies
    Affiliated with the University of Missouri at Columbia, the site provides information on health, nutrition, finances, housing, divorce, parenting, and childcare. Articles, quick answers, workshops, and newsletter.
    http://missourifamilies.org/

    Monroe County Coalition for Children and Families
    A West Virginia Family Resource Network. Includes a resource directory, tobacco prevention coalition, and breast cancer awareness.
    http://www.monroecountywestvirginiafamilyresourcenetwork.com/

    National Center for Children, Families and Communities
    Seeks to improve the health and social functioning of low income, first-time mothers, their babies, and families by helping communities develop Nurse-Family Partnership home visiting programs.
    http://www.nccfc.org/

    National Center on Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
    Based at Georgia State University, the National Center seeks to assist grandparent-headed households via education, advocacy, and the promotion of informed legislation, policy, and practices.
    http://chhs.gsu.edu/nationalcenter/

    National Child Welfare Resource Center for Organizational Improvement
    Helps state, county and tribal child welfare agencies improve management, measure outcomes, and make decisions that protect children. Toll-free number, publications, and programs.
    http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/helpkids/

    National Committee of Grandparents for Children's Rights
    Advocates and lobbies for substantial and urgent legislative changes that protect the rights of grandparents and children.
    http://www.grandparentsforchildren.org/

    National Guard Youth Challenge Program
    A structured, quasi-military training and mentoring program affiliated with the National Guard for at-risk youth that develops the life skills, educational levels and employment potential of 16-18 year old high-school drop-outs
    http://www.ngycp.org/

    Office for Children in Victoria
    Focused on the health, safety, development, learning and wellbeing of children, young people and families in Victoria, Australia.
    http://www.office-for-children.vic.gov.au/

    Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida
    A non-profit organization that supports innovative programs that assist at-risk children and their families. Child abuse prevention initiatives, fatherhood programs, Circle of Parents support group, and Healthy Families Florida program.
    http://www.ounce.org/

    Parents Helping Parents
    Free and ongoing support groups throughout Massachusetts for parents, or other adults in a parenting role, who feel isolated, overwhelmed, or afraid of their anger towards their children. Parent stories, group locations, and volunteer and donation opportunities.
    http://www.parentshelpingparents.org/

    Pre-K Now
    Collaborates with advocates and policymakers in a movement to provide high-quality, voluntary pre-kindergarten education for all three and four year olds.
    http://www.preknow.org/

    The Prevention Researcher Online
    A quarterly newsletter about At-Risk Youth. Includes abstracts and references as well as full length articles on At-Risk Youth issues such as teen violence, teen pregnancy prevention, substance abuse, dating violence and eating disorders.
    http://www.tpronline.org/

    Project Destiny of Hope
    An organization in Baltimore, Maryland that seeks to make effective leaders and productive citizens of at-risk youths and teens through interest driven programs.
    http://destinyofhope.org

    Promising Practices Network
    Features programs and practices that credible research indicates are effective in improving outcomes in the areas of child health, child safety, schooling, and family well-being. Sections on proven and promising programs, research in brief, and strengthening service delivery.
    http://www.promisingpractices.net/

    Promoting Christian Child Care Alternatives
    Resources for child protection, advise and help for those suffering abuse and for those who have a resposibility for children.
    http://www.pcca.co.uk

    Social Capital Partners
    Invests in and incubates revenue-generating social enterprises that employ at-risk youth and other populations outside the economic mainstream in Canada.
    http://www.socialcapitalpartners.ca/

    The Stepfamily Life
    A weekly column highlighting the joys and unique challenges of stepfamily living.
    http://www.thestepfamilylife.com/

    Thrasher Research Fund - Research in Children's Health
    A private organization that finances practical, applied pediatric health research and demonstration projects. Grant and contact information.
    http://www.thrasherresearch.org/

    Toll-Free Numbers for Health Information
    A list of toll-free numbers, and description of services, on health topics compiled by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Several topics related to children are included. [PDF]
    http://www.health.gov/nhic/Pubs/tollfree.pdf

    The Urban Institute | Adolescents
    Current publications and projects on policy issues affecting adolescents from the Urban Institute.
    http://www.urban.org/adolescents/index.cfm

    The Urban Institute | Children
    Current publications and projects on policy issues affecting children from the Urban Institute.
    http://www.urban.org/children/index.cfm

    The Urban Institute | Family/Parents
    Current publications and projects from the Urban Institute on policy issues affecting families/parents.
    http://www.urban.org/family/index.cfm

    Who's Minding the Children?
    Essays about parenting and childcare, and about society's treatment of important issues that affect children.
    http://www.childrensneeds.homestead.com/index.html

    Working With Children Checks
    Explains the compulsory screening system in Western Australia, and the legislation on which it is based. Also provides forms, factsheets and FAQ.
    http://www.checkwwc.wa.gov.au

    YNIC and SCC - Social Change Center
    A computer database, with over 300 different youth projects and 60 countries, all over the world.
    http://www.ynic-scc.com

    Youth as Resources
    Supports young people in funding, designing, and implementing service projects in their communities.
    http://www.yar.org/

    Youth On Track
    American Freedom Assembly is a non-profit corporation concerned for today's youth. The founder travels across the country speaking to America's youth at schools, camps and churches. The site also provides a newsletter and a speaking schedule.
    http://www.youthontrack.org

    Youth Today: The Newspaper on Youth Work
    A national source for news, views and important developments in the youth service field from a nonprofit organization.
    http://www.youthtoday.org

    YouthAction Net
    Provides a virtual community for young leaders. Discussion forum, virtual library, events, and profiles of young leaders around the globe.
    http://www.youthactionnet.org/

    Youthworker
    Provides support and information to youthwork practitioners in the United Kingdom. Includes forum, news, and policy papers.
    http://www.youthworker.uk.net/


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    Ciekawostki

    Krótkotrwałe panowanie Henryka Walezego na Wawelu było prawdziwym zderzeniem cywilizacyjnym pomiędzy rzeczywistością polską, a francuską. Młodego króla i jego francuską świtę dziwiły urządzane przez polskich poddanych pijatyki, rozczarowało ubóstwo polskich wsi i surowy klimat kraju. Polacy natomiast uważali Francuzów za zniewieściałych, władcy mieli za złe cudzoziemskie stroje i zamiłowanie do biżuterii. Co ciekawe, pod wieloma względami ówczesna Polska wyprzedzała Francję. Właśnie na Wawelu Walezy po raz pierwszy zobaczył wychodki, z których nieczystości odprowadzano poza zamkowe mury, i po powrocie do Francji nakazał zbudowanie takich urządzeń w Luwrze i innych pałacach.


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