Henryk III Walezy
(ur. 19 września 1551 w Fontainebleau, zm. 2 sierpnia 1589 w Saint-Cloud)
- ostatni z francuskiej dynastii Walezjuszów, jednej z gałęzi Kapetyngów. Książę Orleanu, a w latach 1573-1574 król Polski jako Henryk zwany Walezym. Od 1574 król Francji jako Henryk III.

Pochodzenie



Herb rodowy

Henryk Walezy był czwartym synem Henryka II, króla Francji i Katarzyny Medycejskiej. Na chrzcie otrzymał on imiona Aleksander Edward. Imię Henryk nadano mu dopiero na bierzmowaniu w roku 1565. Jego brat, Karol IX, był królem francuskim. Matka za wszelką cenę chciała osadzić wszystkich swych synów na tronie i gdy nie powiodły się inne plany wobec Henryka, zdecydowała się starać o egzotyczny dla Francuzów tron polski. Rozdzierające Francję walki katolików z hugenotami (francuskimi protestantami), czyli tzw. III wojna z hugenotami, umożliwiły Henrykowi pokazanie swych wojskowych umiejętności. Dzięki jego osobistej odwadze i przytomności umysłu pokonano w 1569 roku oddziały hugenotów pod Jarnac.

Przez pewien czas Henryk sprawował urząd generalnego namiestnika królestwa. Tak więc już w młodzieńczych latach dał się on poznać zarówno jako dobry polityk jak i sumienny urzędnik.


Droga do polskiego tronu

Wybory nowego władcy polskiego po okresie bezkrólewia odbyły się w kwietniu i maju 1573 r. na prawym brzegu Wisły, naprzeciw Warszawy, pod wsią Kamień, która obecnie stanowi część stolicy. Najpoważniejszymi kandydatami do korony obok brata króla francuskiego byli: syn cesarza Maksymiliana II arcyksiążę Ernest Habsburg, car Iwan IV Groźny i Jan III Waza, król szwedzki, mąż Katarzyny Jagiellonki, siostry Zygmunta Augusta. Pod Warszawą stawiło się ok. 50 tysięcy osób, które uczestniczyły w głosowaniu. Najpierw odbyła się prezentacja kandydatów, której dokonali zagraniczni posłowie. Następnie zaczęto spisywać, lecz już w węższym gronie wybranych komisji „artykuły dla króla”. Miały to być uprawnienia i zobowiązania panującego. Po ich zatwierdzeniu, 5 kwietnia 1573 r. odbyło się głosowanie nad pretendentami do tronu. Zwycięzcą okazał się kandydat francuski, przedstawiony przez posła Jana de Monluc. Kilka dni po elekcji posłowie przyszłego monarchy zaprzysięgli w jego imieniu uchwalone przed wyborem postanowienia ogólne. Były to tak zwane artykuły henrykowskie. Przyjęto również osobiste zobowiązania elekta, noszące nazwę pacta conventa. Wybrano też poselstwo, które miało udać się do Paryża, aby oficjalnie zawiadomić księcia francuskiego o wyborze na króla Rzeczypospolitej Polski i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, odebrać od niego przysięgę, potwierdzającą przyjęcie uchwał elekcyjnych (artykułów i paktów), oraz możliwie szybko sprowadzić go do Rzeczypospolitej. Poselstwo wysłano okazałe i godne. Pertraktacje z Henrykiem i jego bratem, królem Francji Karolem IX, trwały dość długo. Opór budziły przede wszystkim artykuły dotyczące swobody wyznaniowej i możliwości wypowiedzenia posłuszeństwa królowi. Ostatecznie obaj władcy uznali i zaprzysięgli 22 sierpnia 1573 r. dawne i nowe prawa. Po tym fakcie poselstwo doręczyło Henrykowi dokument elekcyjny. Henryk Walezy został ogłoszony królem polskim i wielkim księciem litewskim.


Nihil novi



Potęga Rzeczypospolitej u zenitu. Zlota wolność. Elekcja., Jan Matejko

Do granic Polski dotarł po dwumiesięcznej podróży w końcu stycznia 1574 r. Orszak królewski, liczący 1200 koni, wozy z bagażami oraz karety z damami dworu i niewiastami lekkich obyczajów, ciągnął przez Heidelberg, Fuldę, Torgau, Frankfurt. Na Łużycach oczekiwał go książę piastowski Jerzy II Brzeski, który towarzyszył królowi aż do polskiej granicy. Granicę przekroczono w Międzyrzeczu, gdzie monarchę uroczyście powitała delegacja senatu z biskupem kujawskim, wojewodowie i kasztelanowie. Później przez Poznań i Częstochowę udano się w kierunku Krakowa, gdzie nastąpiło oficjalne powitanie.

Peace


Katalog D M O Z : Society : Issues : Peace
  • Activism and Peace Work (354)
  • Anti-Interventionism (3)
  • Art and Music (16)
  • Articles (9)
  • Chats and Forums (3)
  • Conferences (4)
  • Disarmament@ (24)
  •  
  • Ethics@ (10)
  • Grant-Making Foundations@ (1)
  • NATO Hegemonism@ (1)
  • Peace Studies (51)
  • Personal Pages (24)
  • Policy Institutes (27)
  • Shopping (11)

  • 52 pages found in Peace:

    1% - A Grassroots Peacearmy
    Movement intended to raise awareness about each individual's power to reduce violence and suffering. History of movement, inspirational quotes, and contact information.
    http://www.onepercentapeacearmy.org

    Action for Peace
    Wide range of progressive-leftist resources on peace, war, conflict and nonviolence, including features for pupils and teachers.
    http://www.gn.apc.org/

    American Friends Service Committee
    Quaker organization which includes people of various faiths who are committed to social justice, peace, and humanitarian service. Its work is based on the Quaker belief in the worth of every person, and faith in the power of love to overcome violence and injustice. Programs, news, resources, and opportunities for involvement.
    http://www.afsc.org/

    Americans for Peace Now
    Founded to help Shalom Achshav, its Israeli counterpart, pursue a lasting and equitable peace in the Middle East and to build an informed and empowered pro-peace American public. Action alerts, publications, events, and news and analysis.
    http://www.peacenow.org

    Becoming Peace: A Messenger of the Manifesto 2000
    An independent messenger of the UNESCO's Manifesto 2000. Promotes non-violence and education against violence and abuse.
    http://www.becomingpeace.org

    The Blairing Bush
    Satirical site promoting peace at a time of war and inviting contributions from viewers. Includes cartoons, jokes, quotes, posters, and commentaries.
    http://www.blairingbush.fsworld.co.uk/

    Coexistence Initiative
    Seeks to encourage bridging and cross-community efforts with the goal of living peacefully and respectfully with neighbors. Programs, publications, announcements, events, jobs, and resource center.
    http://www.brandeis.edu/coexistence/

    Cold War Remembrance Day
    Working to create an annual day to remember the Cold War and give thanks that humankind survived.
    http://xellex.freehomepage.com/COLD%20WAR%20MEMORIAL/index.html

    Conciliation Resources
    Serves as an international resource for local organizations pursuing peacebuilding and conflict resolution initiatives. Publications, programs, staff, and links to related sites.
    http://www.c-r.org/

    European Peace Liaison Office
    Network of European NGOs active in conflict prevention and peace building. Seeks to promote peacebuilding policies among the decision-makers in Europe. Mission statement and links to member sites.
    http://www.eplo.org/

    The Foundation for P.E.A.C.E.
    Organization aims to promote community and international peace by helping people find personal peace, share their views of world peace and how to achieve it, and promote peace at community levels.
    http://www.promotingpeace.org/

    Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict
    To develop a common platform for effective action on conflict prevention from the community to the global level.
    http://www.gppac.net/

    Hawaii Interfaith and Peace Activities
    Resources, inspiration and announcements, links to related sites, and opportunity to contribute a prayer of peace.
    http://www.geocities.com/aempeace/hawaii.html

    Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum
    Museum established in August 1955 to convey the facts of the atomic bombing and contribute to the abolition of nuclear weapons and the realization of lasting world peace. Site offers children's section, message board, virtual museum with multi-media exhibits, call for world peace, and information on the dangers of atomic weapons.
    http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/top_e.html

    Institute of World Affairs
    Devoted to international understanding and the peaceful resolution of conflict. Conducts programs designed to prevent violent conflict and to advance post-conflict peacebuilding. News, publications, articles, and resources.
    http://www.iwa.org

    International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR)
    An international spiritually-based movement committed to active nonviolence as a way of life and as a means of personal, social, economic and political transformation.
    http://www.ifor.org

    NGO Committee on Disarmament
    Provides services and facilities to the hundreds of citizens' groups concerned with the peace and disarmament activities of the United Nations. Events calendar, articles and resources, publications, and internship information.
    http://disarm.igc.org/

    Non Governmental Peace Strategies Project
    Aims to contribute to the achievement of a Global Ethical Target: conflict prevention, defense of human rights, and social responsibility. News, documents, projects and activities, and World Peace Index.
    http://www.ngpsp.org/

    Nonviolence Web
    Features news, essays, and analysis from a nonviolent viewpoint. Includes discussion boards and links to peace and nonviolence sites.
    http://www.nonviolence.org/

    Pacific Life Research Center
    Dedicated to informing and educating the public on key issues to assist in the proliferation of nonviolence. Offers research papers and links to related sites. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.
    http://www.plrc.org/

    Partners for Democratic Change
    Works to strengthen communities' ability to manage change, maximize the benefits of diversity, and prevent and resolve conflicts.
    http://www.partnersglobal.org/

    Pathways to Peace
    International not-for-profit peace building, educational, and consulting organization. Mission, articles, program information, and links to related groups.
    http://www.pathwaystopeace.org/

    The Peace Abbey
    Inter-denominational center that celebrates all faiths and the individuals who fight with courage and compassion against violence in the world.
    http://www.peaceabbey.org/

    The Peace Company
    Offer a wide range of peace merchandise and training for building a more peaceful world. Publishes "The Peace Book" and other titles. Offers consulting services and Peace Leadership Institute training programs.
    http://www.thepeacecompany.com/

    The Peace Museum
    Provides an overview, gallery hours, location and current exhibits. Located in Chicago, Illinois.
    http://www.peacemuseum.org/

    Peace, No War
    News and information on antiwar movements across the country. Includes political cartoons and related links.
    http://www.peacenowar.net/

    Peace People
    Organization based in Northern Ireland that promotes nonviolence, peace, and justice around the world.
    http://www.peacepeople.com/

    The Peace Pilgrim
    Presents information on Peace Pilgrim's 28 year pilgrimage for inner and outer peace. Includes writings, photographs, audio and video.
    http://www.peacepilgrim.net

    Peace Resource Center
    Sponsored by the University of Minnesota Human Rights Center, this site provides a library of original peace and war documents, international treaties, and laws. Offers annotated list of peace and activist links.
    http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/peace/

    PeaceClinic
    Believes world peace begins at home. Offers workshops to help organizations, families, and individuals survive violence and preserve peace. Sign-up forms, message boards, news, local chapters, and links to personal, domestic, and world peace resources.
    http://www.thepeaceclinic.org/

    Peacenik
    A compilation of links to pacifist resources and information on anti-war organizations.
    http://www.peacenik.org/

    PeaceSymbol.org
    A tribute to the peace symbol, offering information on its history, as well as clip art, protest posters, photographs, message boards, and links to related sites.
    http://www.peacesymbol.org/

    Peacful Societies
    Encyclopedia of peaceful societies, includes comparisons and discussion method used by these societies to maintain peace.
    http://www.peacefulsocieties.org/

    Peerpeace
    Site created as a class project to promote the students' visions of peace. Promotes peace in every person and every country. Articles, guest book, list of peacemakers, advice, and message board.
    http://www.geocities.com/twohpeace/

    Prayer4Peace.net
    A nonsectarian project to accumulate one billion Vajrasattva mantra recitations dedicated to world peace and the purification of negative karmic forces.
    http://www.prayer4peace.net

    Radio for Peace International
    Shortwave radio station in Costa Rica streaming live MP3 broadcasts. Addresses the world community as a voice of peace, champion of human rights, advocate for the oppressed, and defender of the truth. Schedule, program summaries, audio archive, technical tips, and volunteer opportunities.
    http://www.rfpi.org/

    Responding to Conflict
    Provides advice, cross-cultural training, and longer-term support to people working for peace in societies affected or threatened by violent conflict. Goals, courses, projects, and related links.
    http://www.respond.org/

    Seeds of Peace
    Non-profit, non-political organization that helps teenagers from regions of conflict learn the skills of making peace. Event calendar, news, articles, ways to help, and clubhouse for Arab and Israeli teens to build their own online community.
    http://www.seedsofpeace.org/

    Servas International
    Non-profit organization working to build understanding, tolerance, and world peace. Operates through a network of hosts around the world who open their doors to travelers who want to get to know the heart of the countries they visit. Philosophy, FAQ, contacts, newsletter, and mailing list.
    http://www.servas.org/page.php?name=p_main

    Tetworld Peace Through Development Project
    Based on Buckminster Fuller's concept for a global computer/internet based strategic game to "Make the World Work for Everyone".
    http://members.tripod.com/~Tetworld/+index.html

    The thinkPEACE Network
    Includes peace history, quotes, poems, music, activities, forum and promotion of the UN's annual September 21st International day of peace.
    http://thinkpeace.net/

    Transcend
    A peace and development organization for conflict transformation by peaceful means. Goal is to bring about a more peaceful world by using action, education/training, dissemination, and research to handle conflicts creatively and nonviolently. Manuals, articles, publications, audio lectures, and training schedule.
    http://www.transcend.org/

    UN Peacemaker
    Provides information on peace agreements, peacemaking mandate, managing a peace process, Peacemaker's Toolbox, resources and forum. From the UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA).
    http://peacemaker.unlb.org/

    UNESCO Web Forum on Human Security
    Bi-lingual forum on human Security and peace run by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
    http://www.unesco.org/securipax/

    United Earth for Peace
    A single voice, in the online wilderness, calling for peace in the world.
    http://www.uep.galacticenterprise.com

    United Nations - Peace and Security
    List of resources from the UN including peacekeeping operations, security council, disarmament, land mines, and areas currently experiencing conflict.
    http://www.un.org/peace/

    War Is Stupid Dot Com
    Photos and thoughts on peace and war.
    http://www.hickorytech.net/~leighp/warisstupid/index.html

    We Are Many, We Are One
    Includes the Covenant of Peace, 10 Points for Peace, press releases, petition letters to world leaders, and contact details.
    http://www.peacecircle.org/

    World Conference on Religion and Peace
    WCRP is a multi-religious international organization which promotes peace through religious cooperation and dialogue. WCRP has members in over 100 countries and is accredited to the United Nations.
    http://www.wcrp.org

    World Peace Herald
    An on-line news publication covering issues that affect peace, World Peace Herald targets English-speaking readers worldwide who want to follow the issues standing in the way of peace.
    http://www.wpherald.com

    Worldwide Forgiveness Alliance
    Contains information about Forgiveness Day, an annual observance. Describes seminars, provides membership information and articles on forgiveness. Includes contact details.
    http://www.forgivenessday.org/

    WSP International
    An organization helping war-torn societies to build lasting peace.
    http://www.wsp-international.org/


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    rusztowania pozycjonowanie wieczór panieński krav maga wi mi

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    Ciekawostki

    Krótkotrwałe panowanie Henryka Walezego na Wawelu było prawdziwym zderzeniem cywilizacyjnym pomiędzy rzeczywistością polską, a francuską. Młodego króla i jego francuską świtę dziwiły urządzane przez polskich poddanych pijatyki, rozczarowało ubóstwo polskich wsi i surowy klimat kraju. Polacy natomiast uważali Francuzów za zniewieściałych, władcy mieli za złe cudzoziemskie stroje i zamiłowanie do biżuterii. Co ciekawe, pod wieloma względami ówczesna Polska wyprzedzała Francję. Właśnie na Wawelu Walezy po raz pierwszy zobaczył wychodki, z których nieczystości odprowadzano poza zamkowe mury, i po powrocie do Francji nakazał zbudowanie takich urządzeń w Luwrze i innych pałacach.


    depilacja laserowa seo tynki zewnętrzne Serwery dedykowane ciaza